Black Tanning
Tanning bed by hi joiney
Typical usage This section may contain original research Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding references Statements consisting only of original research may be removed More details may be available on the talk page August 2008 Typical tanning lamp with F71T12 markings This example is a 71 inch bi pin 100 watt model the most common Tanning beds are used for somewhat different reasons in North America than in Europe In North America tanning is more seasonal where most users begin in January and stop or slow down by June It is most often used as a way to jump start the tanning process so that once the summer begins they can go to the beach or enjoy other outdoor activities and already have a significant base tan built up This is also why tanning lotions and bronzers are more commonly used in North America Europeans may enjoy tanning seasonally but less so than North Americans This is due to many areas in Europe having significantly fewer days of sunshine than North America so Europeans are more likely to use a tanning bed all year long for both the cosmetic and mood altering benefits European tanning beds generally use a different type of lamp as well with UVB ratings in the 1 to 3 range using US measuring methods whereas most tanning beds sold in the US use 4 2 to 6 5 UVB ratings and aftermarket lamps with up to 8 5 or higher being popular Of course these lamps have less UVA and will produce a sunburn quicker but many Americans seem to like them because a short session produces a reddening or instant gratification These lamps actually produce a slower deep tan but a faster base tan that fades faster but are simply marketed as hotter although technically they have about the same amount of UV but with different ratios of UVA and UVB While the primary reason for both Americans and Europeans to use a tanning bed is cosmetic there are many other reasons why they are used It is common for people to tan simply because it makes them feel good Also most tanning beds generate a large amount of heat including infrared which has deep penetrating action that can relieve minor muscle aches The tan produced by a tanning bed is just as deep as a tan produced in the sun This is because tanning beds have similar levels of UV than the sun on a typical summer day Exposure times are shorter than the average session spent in the sun to achieve the same amount of tan due to the proximity to the UV source It is strongly recommended that a person does not tan indoor and outdoors on the same day due to the likely chance that they will get overexposed Because overexposure actually destroys melanin getting a sunburn will result in LESS tanning The popular wisdom that one needs to burn to tan or that a sunburn will turn into a tan is simply wrong and increases the chances of skin cancer later in life This makes tanning indoors a better option for people with fair skin types as they can visit a local salon several times to develop a tan slowly without burning instead of trying to attain the same results at the beach or backyard in one day It is important to note that if an individual has a skin type that cannot develop a tan outdoors they will not be able to indoors either History Although tanning beds were initially brought to America by Friedrich Wolff in 1978 he soon patented his particular blend of phosphors since expired and began licensing the technology to other companies Wolff Systems has since devoted all their resources into lamp technology and development Some of the early adopters of the Wolff technology include ETS Inc SCA Sun Industries Inc Montego Bay Sunal Later Friedrich sold Wolff Systems to his brother Jorg Wolff who was the founder of Cosmedico Ltd another pioneer in the tanning industry Initially tanning beds were virtually unregulated in the US but in 1988 and later updated in 1999 the primary source of regulation at the federal level was 21 CFR 1040 20 This law was designed primarily to ensure that all tanning beds sold or used in salons adhered to a general set of safety rules with the primary focus on tanning bed and lamp manufacturers in regards to maximum exposure times and product equivalence It is left up to each individual state to determine the regulations for salons themselves and as such many states are still not regulated beyond these basic federal rules Several companies continue to license the Wolff name and use their lamps because of the name recognition although this has steadily diminished over the years as other lamp builders have created lamps that are arguably as good as or better Licensing is not required to use Wolff lamps but it is required to call a tanning bed a Wolff System and use the Wolff System logo a yellow circle with horizonal bars and the name Wolff Systems in black Tanning beds that use Wolff products but do not pay royalties can use only the term Powered by Wolff which is unique in the industry Most modern tanning beds have not changed much from the original systems The lamp technology and electronics have evolved over the years but the basic low pressure tanning bed has not evolved The original electronics used in the first tanning beds both European choke and magnetic are still in use today although there are now many other choices including electronic and high frequency The lamps are still fluorescent type using special phosphors that create a spectrum in the UVA and UVB range although there has been a great deal of advancement over the years to make the light spectrum they emit more sun like The first original tanning lamps were discovered by accident in 1903 by a German company called Heraeus who were developing lighting systems for the home and for industrial usage These lamps were of the high pressure metal halide variety They discovered that the light that was developed for visible light purposes also emitted ultra violet light In the 1920s and 1930 s they Heraeus first started to market and sell single lamp self standing tanning wellness devices The first high pressure tanning beds incorporating more than a single high pressure lamp were manufactured in the mid to late seventies by companies such as Ultrabronz and JK Ergoline and in the 1980s the first high pressure units were exported to the United States These units require special filter glass to remove the UVC and the majority of the UVB that is emitted and are difficult to manufacture because the alignment of the lamps is more critical than in traditional low pressure tanning beds They are generally large units with a padded area to lie on or an acrylic and 6 to 36 lamps in a canopy or canopy and bench configuration the tanning effect is much deeper and requires only a maintenance exposure of about 2 3 times per month compared to every 48 hours for regular tanning beds They are much more expensive to operate thus more expensive for the user Retail prices in the 20 000 to 35 000 range are common with individual sessions costing 20 to 45 depending on the market Current trends A growing trend is the home tanning bed Many people are now opting to own their own tanning system instead of going to the salon The primary reasons are sanitation concerns and convenience The average home system has 16 to 24 lamps and costs 2000 to 3000 making its price competitive over a number of years for tanners who frequent salons regularly This has led to an explosion of retailers that feature smaller home style tanning beds both on the internet and in traditional retail stores Another trend is spray on tanning a form of sunless tanning using either special booths or a hand held setup similar to an airbrush Many people who try spray on tanning often still go to the tanning salon and use the spray on as a way to jump start the appearance of a tan while others use it as a way to look tan while avoiding UV exposure of any kind This is also demonstrated by the large number of indoor tanning lotions that have bronzers included which is similar to the chemicals used for spray on tans DHA Main article Tanning lamps In many ways tanning beds are simply light fixtures that you lie under to tan Most tanning beds use choke ballasts a technology that has been around for about 100 years consisting of a simple inductor which limits amount of current passing through and requires a lamp starter to preheat the ends of the lamp briefly at start Newer ballast systems include magnetic ballasts electronic ballasts and more recently high frequency ballasts that induce tanning and other fluorescent lamps to work using less wattage by using higher frequencies In general newer ballast designs produce less heat and are more energy efficient The ballasts regulate the power that is sent to the lamps so that if you install a 160W lamp in a tanning bed that has 100W ballasts only 100W will be delivered to the lamp and may actually create less UV and shorter lamp life since the bulb is designed for higher current The lamp starter part of the bed small tan cylinder is used only on beds with choke ballasts and is a simple plasma starting switch It has no bearing on how powerful the bed is Like all fluorescent lamps and other plasma devices such as neon lamps low pressure tanning lamps work when the ballast directs enough energy to the lamp that a plasma is generated inside the lamp The lamps are coated on the inside with special phosphors and contain a small amount of mercury 20 mg typical Unlike high pressure lamps the glass that is used in low pressure lamps automatically filters out all UVC Once the plasma is fully flowing less than one second the plasma strips away the outer electrons from the mercury sending them into the phosphor which produces photons in the proper spectrum for tanning The electrons now in a lower energy state will jump back into place onto the first mercury atom they find with an electron missing The surfaces on which the tanner lies and which shield the user by physical separation from the lamps on the bench and canopy are typically referred to as the acrylics Acrylics are manufactured from a base material of Polymethyl Methacrylate PMMA type UVT UV transmitting which has been formulated to have a spectral transmittance in the wavelength region 290 400 nm This should not be confused with a standard acrylic or plexiglass which would not transmit within this spectral range effectively inhibiting the tanning properties of the unit Base resins are typically cell cast or extruded into sheet and then thermoformed to manufacture the acrylics On occasion depending on the complexity of the part the resin will be injection molded It is due to the expense of the specially formulated resin handling considerations and manufacturing processes which drive the cost of acrylic parts which can be high when compared to standard grade acrylic which can be purchased at your local home improvement store These acrylic materials should never be cleaned with any agent containing alcohol i e glass cleaner as this will adversely affect the material surface causing a phenomenon known a crazing This will present itself as small fissures resembling spiderwebs forming where stresses are most concentrated on the part and in the region which was subjected to the chemical attack These shields break down over time as they are exposed to UV and oxygen and must be reconditioned every few years Failure to do so will reduce the transparency of the acrylic to UV rays although to the eye it will still appear perfectly clear The reconditioning is most commonly done with a compound called Novus 2 which is a slightly gritty cleaning compound that removes a microlayer of the acrylic restoring to near new condition and is used in many other industries This being said a better practice is to replace the acrylic as the oxidation described above affects the physical properties of the material rendering it less impact resistant Most mainstream tanning beds built today use similar electronics with the primary differences being in the design and quality of the frame and shell of the bed as well as the number and type of lamps used The newer electronics are very promising because of their lower power usage cooler running temperature and more environmentally friendly components Benefits The benefits of artificial tanning are generally related to enjoyment and speed It is suggested that tanning makes some people feel temporary self satisfaction To understand how this happens researchers set out to determine if endorphin levels were increased after tanning They concluded that there were no significant differences in the mean plasma levels of endorphin between people who were exposed to tanning beds and those who were not The positive psychological benefits of tanning may be due to factors other than endorphins While a tan that is developed in a tanning bed does offer some protection from overexposure to the natural sun an individual should not depend on it as their only protection A tan provides a natural SPF of between 2 and 4 sun protective lotions are generally SPF 30 or higher Depending on the intensity of the sun outside it may be advisable to use additional lotion with SPF even if a base tan is present A more controversial benefit of tanning indoors rather than tanning outside is the amount of control the tanner has If a person decides to get a suntan and wants to minimize the risk of getting a sunburn a tanning bed offers an environment that delivers the same amount of UV in a given period of time day after day In contrast the amount of UV that reaches the ground can vary from minute to minute and the longer tanning times results in deeper exposure This doesn t make the tan in a tanning bed safer per se but it
About the Author
I am an expert from China Textile and Leather, usually analyzes all kind of industries situation, such as ge silicone ii , fuel tank sealer.
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January 19, 2012 6:26 pm 
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